Polyvocal, leaderless and using new styles of communication, the postarab spring voices do not seek power but seek to defy the state and push it to address the hitherto taboo topics such as. New media and conflict after the arab spring the web site cannot. Regime changes have occurred in tunisia, egypt, and libya, while movements cnntinue to grow in both those countries as well as bahrain, syria, and yemen. Egyptian military is not only in charge of the defence of the country but also. Later, similar rebellions followed in libya, bahrain, syria and yemen.
Cairo seven years after ebullient crowds demonstrated in cairos tahrir square to overthrow longtime president hosni mubarak in egypt s second revolution in 60 years, the country is facing more sober political, economic and security choices, as it prepares for a fresh presidential election in march. The arab spring in egypt the arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and bahrain.
Four years after the first of the arab spring revolutions erupted in tunisia, the african centre for the constructive resolution of disputes accord is observing the trends and taking stock of the impact of the revolutions in the three most affected african countries. Rethinking western policies in light of the arab uprisings. After his years of covering china for the new yorker, friends warned him egypt would be a much quieter place. General abdel fattah elsisi was elected as the new leader and his regime has adopted the rhetoric of the revolution. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today.
Hosni mubarak, egypt s national democratic party, and the january 25 revolution andrew heiss on december 17, 2010, a tunisian vegetable vendor named mohamed bouazizi. Womens rights and the arab spring middle eastnorth africa overview and fact sheet successful uprisings in tunisia and egypt in the last year have sparked movements against dictatorships across the middle east, north africa, and the gulf region. In egypt, arab spring gives way to military winter by sophia jones egyptian plainclothes policemen arrest a supporter of egypt. A t the dawn of the first winter after the arab spring, bahrain is an island of sadness.
Apr 27, 2016 in 2011 during the arab spring uprising, egyptians believed in the possibility of greater freedom. In egypt, arab spring gives way to military winter huffpost. Beginning in tunisia, and spreading to as many as seventeen arab countries, the street protests of the arab spring in 2011 empowered citizens and banished their fear of speaking out against governments. Spring, especially tunisia and egypt, showcase these complexities of revolution, both causal and perpetuating. The arab spring and climate change does not argue that climate change caused the revolutions that have shaken the arab world over the past two years. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. Egypt is seen by the us as a crucial cog in the maintenance of geopolitical hegemony over the middle east. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. The events in these nations generally began in the spring of 2011, which led to the name. Spring for the middle east the tragic selfimmolation of mohamed bouazizi, a young fruit vendor, in december 2010 sparked a series of unprecedented demonstrations in tunisia. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region.
The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. On the eastern front, egypt has been at peace with israel since the late 1970s. Home browse history african history african countries egypt arab spring arab spring arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. Egypt has witnessed the overthrow of two presidents since the start of the arab spring. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. For he who is not embraced by a passion for life will dissipate into thin air, at. Journal of women and human rights in the middle east, a change of seasons for women in the middle east. Egypt marks seventh anniversary of arab spring uprising. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes.
What the arab spring means for sudan enough project. Aa ninth country, iran, is from the broader middle east region and has been the site ninth country, iran, is from the broader middle east region. Four parties in particular tunisias ennahda, egypt s freedom and justice party, moroccos justice and development party, and jordans islamic action front have either made a strong showing at the ballot box or are expected to in upcoming elections. Aug 10, 2018 his book is a portrait of egypt during the arab spring, as well as an examination of the ways that egypts depressing path over the past several years has both initiated and mirrored the path of. The coptic christians who amount to nearly 10 percent of the.
The objective of this student publication is to provide a platform for young scholars to investigate a variety of topics within our main research areas and to produce valuable studies of gender and human rights in the region. But the process of transition to a democracy was badly designed, providing strong incentives for the countrys diverse political actors to behave in ways that undermined democratic development. What the arab spring means for sudan with regime change in egypt and libya, and a similar shift in policy on syria, the time has come to consider whether sudans track record of war crimes and rapidly worsening. Spring, egypt, women and the arab spring, agents of change and the. Nahid afrose kabir 1 he arab spring was a civil uprising mainly of arab youths in tunisia and egypt which commenced in december 2010 and january 2011 respectively. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b. Arab spring leaves egypt in an economic slump following the revolution that ousted egyptian president hosni mubarak earlier this year, the countrys economy is sagging tourism has plummeted. Jan 25, 2017 six years on from the arab spring, revolution lingers in the egyptian air. One difference lies in the character of the islamist groupings that won the first free. Tunisia and the arab spring powerpoint, available in the carolina k12 database of k12 resources.
In egypt, libya, tunisia, and the republic of yemen, the uprisings overthrew. Egypt s mass uprising of 2011 gave birth to tremendous hopes that a new era of democratic politics could be built in the arab world. But not long before he arrived, the egyptian arab spring had begun, and now the country was in chaos. Six years on from the arab spring, revolution lingers in the. The wests response to the arab spring would make a perfect case study for those. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on countries directly or indirectly involved, illuminating the immediate and longterm impacts of the revolutions in the region and throughout the world. Causes include human rights violations, economic decline, as well as extreme poverty caused by unemployment. Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences. The success of the protests led to a wave of unrest, which spread to algeria, jordan, egypt, and yemen, and then to other countries in the region. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab.
Pdf file islamist parties have gained newfound political power across the arab world. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia. New media and conflict after the arab spring united states. However, the political and social impact of these popular uprisings remains. List of books and articles about arab spring online. The arab spring and the eus democracy promotion in. As egyptians mark seventh year since 2011 revolution, authorities seal off tahrir square to prevent potential protests. Ruth hanau santini writes on womens rights in tunisia, egypt and libya in the wake of the arab awakening. Hundreds of thousands of tunisians took to the streets calling for an end to authoritarian rule. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. As popular uprisings, demanding greater political freedoms and in several countries even regime change, swept across much of the arab world, a crucial role has been played by the armed forces of these countries in confronting the proreform movements. Arab spring in tmisia and egypt 53 in this paper i focus on the arab spring outbreaks in tunisia and egypt and document how disenfranchised youth took advantage of emerging wired technological formats in their respective countries to create mediated communities, networks and identities that decolonized.
First hand observations from egypts constitutional. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. Libya, egypt, yemen, syria and bahrain, where either the regime. Arab spring yields different outcomes in bahrain, egypt and. Revolution and beyond a tahrir studies edition bahgat korany and rabab elmahdi abstract. Ben alis in tunisia on 17 january, mubaraks in egypt on 11 february, qadhafis in libya on 23 august, and saleh in yemen. The cases of tunisia and egypt contributing factors to the. Zulkuf aydin sep 2015, 108 pages arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. The situation began to change after world war ii, when, flush with vic. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict. Womens rights and the arab spring middle eastnorth.
Additionally, a variety of explanations have been offered presented by scholars and the media, regarding not only the cause of the arab spring but also what its lasting effects will be. Egypt this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. Egypt, libya, syria, and yemen quickly emulated tunisias example, giving hope to the citizens of those countries that major political and economic transformations were underway.
Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. Using data on the arab spring in egypt, acemoglu, hassan and. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall.
Other factors that also led to the government shutdown was poverty, inflation, social exclusion. Journal of economic perspectivesvolume 26, number 2spring 2012pages 167188 i nn december 2010, the selfimmolation of a tunisian fruit vendor sparked what december 2010, the selfimmolation of a tunisian fruit vendor sparked what hhas come to be termed the arab spring. Volume 1 of the arab spring five years later is based on extensive research conducted by scholars from a variety of backgrounds, including many associated with the japan international cooperation a. In the last several decades, decisions and policies made in cairo have significantly impacted regional and international systems. The term arab spring, while controversial, has come to represent the events that have rocked this region since the beginning of 2011. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues. Arab spring yields different outcomes in bahrain, egypt and libya by marc. The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. A teacher from a middle class educated family hasan albanna had participated in demonstrations against british. The main focus is on egypt, arguably the most critical of all arab countries due. Tunisia, egypt and bahrains debt to norway by ingrid westgaard stolpestad sponsored by the norwegian church aid and the norwegian coalition for debt cancellation slug october 2011. Journal of women and human rights in the middle east. Of the four major arab spring protests analyzedtunisia, egypt, libya, and. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet introduction. The main focus is on egypt, arguably the most critical of all arab countries. Six years on from the start of the arab spring, there can be no disputing that the deep state has effectively reasserted itself and is very much in control. Case studies of tunisia and egypt abdulsattar, tammam omer msc.
At the time of writing, the arab spring has seen the collapse of four heads of the regions authoritarian regimes. During the arab spring, qatar moved away from its traditional foreign policy. In the west, since the overthrow of muammar gaddafi in 2011, libya has become a failed state. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. Egypt during the arab spring, and how it all went wrong. He wanted to learn arabic, explore cairos neighborhoods, and visit the legendary archaeological digs of upper egypt. Experts and observers even suggested that this revolution is the biggest event since the cold war. Six years on from the arab spring, revolution lingers in.
Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Then the brotherhood wavered whether to file a presidential candidate and did not push for a new constitution. Egypt is one of the most populous countries in the arab world and has played a central role in middle eastern politics for centuries. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012. For egypt it has been an arduous journey to democracy as americans would recognize. In 2011 during the arab spring uprising, egyptians believed in the possibility of greater freedom. The arab spring in egypt essay the arab spring is an extremely prominent issue today. Sudan in the south periodically has some territorial disputes with egypt, but these disputes are not likely to lead to military confrontation. By november 2011, tunisians had elected a coalition government formed between rashid al ghannushis islamist al nahda party. Do we have the right conceptual lenses to understand the region and its different.
This refers to the series of protests and civil wars that have been occurring in the arab world due to discontent with government, human rights violations, poverty, and other factors. The arab spring in egypt essay governement corruption, mubarak. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. Typology of political regimes in north africa before arab spring case study of egypt, tunisia and libya ata anbarani department of government and civilization studies, university putra malaysia abstract this article aims to have an analysis on state structure at the north of africa including tunisia, egypt and libya. Marxist circles and parties set up in the arab world with moscows help had little influence, and local liberation movements did not depend on the bolsheviks. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. Eighteen days of mass protests forced hosni mubarak to resign in february 2011, after three decades in power.